The Yellowstone Country region is a cultural heartland for all Indigenous nations in Montana, Wyoming and Idaho — 16 distinct peoples:

Tukudeka (Eastern Shoshone), Nank'haanseine'nan (Northern Arapaho), Séliš (Bitterroot Salish), Qlispé (Pend d’Oreille), Ktunaxa (Kootenai), Pikuni (Blackfeet), Tsistsis’tas (Northern Cheyenne), Apsáalooke (Crow), Nehiyawak (Cree), Chippewa-Cree, Little Shell Metis, Nakoda (Assiniboine), A’aninin (Gros Ventre), Dakota, Lakota, Banukwut (Shoshone-Bannock) and Nimiipuu (Nez-Perce).

Since time immemorial, Indigenous people have lived in Yellowstone Country. Today, 27 tribal nations maintain ancestral connections to this region.